Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a common eye condition that affects the central part of the retina, called the macula, and can lead to vision loss. As the population ages, the prevalence of AMD is expected to increase, making it essential to identify effective prevention and treatment strategies.

This article will explore the top-researched natural remedies and supplements for macular degeneration backed by scientific studies.

Antioxidants and AREDS Formulation

AREDS Formulation

The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) was a major clinical trial conducted by the National Eye Institute that found a specific combination of antioxidants and minerals to be effective in reducing the risk of advanced AMD by about 25%.¹ The original AREDS formulation contains:

1. Vitamin C: 500 mg
2. Vitamin E: 400 IU
3. Beta-carotene: 15 mg
4. Zinc (as zinc oxide): 80 mg
5. Copper (as cupric oxide): 2 mg

However, the AREDS2 study replaced beta-carotene with lutein and zeaxanthin due to concerns about the potential risks of beta-carotene for smokers. ²

Lutein and Zeaxanthin

Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoid pigments found in high concentrations in the macula, where they act as antioxidants and protect the retina from harmful blue light. ³ Several studies suggest that increased dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin, or supplementation, may help reduce the risk of AMD. ^{4, 5}

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

DHA and EPA

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil. They play crucial roles in maintaining healthy cell membranes and reducing inflammation in the body. Several studies have shown that regular consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA and EPA, may help prevent or slow down the progression of AMD. ^6, 7

Other Supplements and Natural Remedies

Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba, an ancient tree species, has been used for centuries for its potential health benefits. It is believed to improve blood flow and provide antioxidant protection. Some studies suggest that ginkgo biloba extract may improve visual function and slow the progression of AMD. ^{8, 9}

Bilberry Extract

Bilberry, a close relative of blueberry, contains anthocyanins with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Some studies suggest that bilberry extract may improve night vision, retinal function, and protect against oxidative stress, potentially benefiting those with AMD. ^{10, 11}

Saffron

Saffron, a spice derived from the Crocus sativus flower, contains powerful antioxidants such as crocin and crocetin. Some research indicates that saffron supplementation may improve visual function in individuals with early-stage AMD. ^{12, 13}

Lifestyle and Dietary Considerations

In addition to supplements and natural remedies, certain lifestyle and dietary factors may help prevent or slow the progression of AMD. These include:

Regular Exercise

Engaging in regular physical activity can reduce inflammation and promote overall eye health. Some studies suggest that regular exercise may help reduce the risk of developing AMD. ¹⁴

A Nutrient-Rich Diet

A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources provides essential nutrients for eye health. Consuming foods high in antioxidants, such as dark leafy greens, berries, and nuts, may help reduce the risk of AMD. ¹⁵

Smoking Cessation

Smoking is a significant risk factor for AMD. Quitting smoking can reduce AMD risk and slow its progression. ¹⁶

Conclusion

Combining natural remedies, supplements, and lifestyle changes may help reduce the risk of macular degeneration or slow its progression. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement or natural remedy regimen. Further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of these remedies and determine the optimal dosages for individuals with AMD.

Earth Clinic Reader Remedies for Macular Degeneration

Aloe Vera

In one popular post below, Kiki17's father, who has wet macular degeneration, started using fresh aloe vera gel in his eyes as a potential remedy. He experienced noticeable improvements in his eyesight and did not require further injections for the condition. Kiki17 emphasizes the importance of using plump, soft, fleshy aloe vera leaves instead of the flatter, firmer variety, as the latter may cause discomfort.

There is limited research available on the direct use of fresh aloe vera gel for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Most of the research on aloe vera focuses on its potential benefits for skin, digestion, and wound healing, rather than its effects on eye health or AMD specifically.

However, aloe vera does contain some compounds that have been shown to benefit overall health, such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. These compounds may provide general support for the body, but their direct impact on AMD remains uncertain.

Continue reading below to learn which natural remedies have helped Earth Clinic readers with macular degeneration.

Citations:

1. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. (2001). A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Archives of Ophthalmology, 119(10), 1417-1436.
2. Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group. (2013). Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 309(19), 2005-2015.
3. Bone, R. A., Landrum, J. T., & Tarsis, S. L. (1992). Preliminary identification of the human macular pigment. Vision Research, 32(5), 791-796.
4. Seddon, J. M., Ajani, U. A., Sperduto, R. D., Hiller, R., Blair, N., Burton, T. C., ... & Yannuzzi, L. A. (1994). Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration: Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. JAMA, 272(18), 1413-1420.
5. SanGiovanni, J. P., Chew, E. Y., Clemons, T. E., Ferris, F. L., Gensler, G., Lindblad, A. S., ... & Sperduto, R. D. (2007). The relationship of dietary carotenoid and vitamin A, E, and C intake with age-related macular degeneration in a case-control study: AREDS Report No. 22. Archives of Ophthalmology, 125(9), 1225-1232.
6. SanGiovanni, J. P., Chew, E. Y., Agrón, E., Clemons, T. E., Ferris, F. L., Gensler, G., ... & Sperduto, R. D. (2008). The relationship of dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake with incident age-related macular degeneration: AREDS Report No. 23. Archives of Ophthalmology, 126(9), 1274-1279.
7. Chong, E. W. T., Kreis, A. J., Wong, T. Y., Simpson, J. A., & Guymer, R. H. (2008). Dietary omega-3 fatty acid and fish intake in the primary prevention of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Ophthalmology, 126(6), 826-833.
8. Lebuisson, D. A., Leroy, L., & Rigal, G. (2002). Treatment of senile macular degeneration with Ginkgo biloba extract: A preliminary double-blind drug vs. placebo study. La Presse Médicale, 31(39), 1841-1842.
9. Fies, P., & Dienel, A. (2000). Ginkgo extract in impaired vision—treatment with special extract EGb 761 of impaired vision due to dry senile macular degeneration. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 150(21-22), 414-416.
10. Muth, E. R., Laurent, J. M., & Jasper, P.(2000). The effect of bilberry nutritional supplementation on night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Alternative Medicine Review, 5(2), 164-173.
11. Ghosh, D., & Konishi, T. (2007). Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich extracts: Role in diabetes and eye function. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 16(2), 200-208.
12. Falsini, B., Piccardi, M., Minnella, A., Savastano, C., Capoluongo, E., Fadda, A., ... & Plateroti, R. (2010). Influence of saffron supplementation on retinal flicker sensitivity in early age-related macular degeneration. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 51(12), 6118-6124.
13. Piccardi, M., Marangoni, D., Minnella, A. M., Savastano, M. C., Valentini, P., Ambrosio, L., ... & Falsini, B. (2018). A longitudinal follow-up study of saffron supplementation in early age-related macular degeneration: sustained benefits to central retinal function. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018, Article ID 8461519.
14. Williams, P. T. (2007). Inadequate exercise as a risk factor for age-related macular degeneration. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(1), 64-70.
15. Seddon, J. M., Cote, J., & Rosner, B. (2003). Progression of age-related macular degeneration: association with dietary fat, transunsaturated fat, nuts, and fish intake. Archives of Ophthalmology, 121(12), 1728-1737.
16. Thornton, J., Edwards, R., Mitchell, P., Harrison, R. A., Buchan, I., & Kelly, S. P. (2005). Smoking and age-related macular degeneration: a review of association. Eye, 19(9), 935-944.